Employee participation is about managing complexity and simultaneity. A wide range of information is used - from strategic human resources best practice and behavioural psychology on the one hand; to labour law, productivity and financial governance issues on the other. Several models are utilised: some developed by us and some by researches in this specialist area. Two models are reflected here - a model developed by Purcell (© 2000) and a model developed by us (© 1998).